College Pressure Essay

William Zinsser’s in his essay â€Å"College Pressure† published 1979, describes the pressures Yale students have economic, parental, and peer/self- induced. He says that these pressures make students afraid to take a risk and to try to take different paths. He wants them to believe in themselves and to try to enjoy their time in college. I have been a student at Reedley Community College for two years and the pressure I experience as a student and a mother are different from that the Yale student experienced. The first pressure that Yale students and I experience is economic pressure. Zinsser explains that in the 1970’s â€Å"tuition, room, and board at most private colleges comes at least $7000† (par. 12). He also explains how much pressure Yale students are under, that â€Å"even if the [student] works part time during school and full time during the summer†, but accrue $5000 in loans after four years, loans that the [student] must start to repay within one year after graduation† (par. 13). Then, Zinsser goes on to say that no matter how hard the student works he or she will be under pressure to pay back all the money he used. I relate to this pressure, but in a very different way. Although the cost of school for me is relatively low, I have four kids that are away at college. Having four children needing help with tuition and books puts a lot of financial pressure on me as a parent. Also, having six kids in general, three of which are girls, is expensive regardless. The country’s economic disparity has left personal finances tight and puts me under a lot of pressure to make sure my kids have everything that they need and that all bills are paid. Another pressure William Zinsser’s mentions is parental pressure which Yale students and I feel but slightly different . It refers to the amount of pressure students get from their parents. The students are being torn between pleasing their parents and pleasing themselves. Zinsser’s mentions that â€Å"often times students are walking to labs as though they are walking to the dentist. â€Å"(par. 15) Students are taking on majors in a course of study that they do not necessarily like, however, in order to keep their parents happy they take them on. They are under pressure because they want to please their parents but they’re unhappy they want to do. Because they aren’t doing what. Because I am an adult this pressure does not really apply to me. However, I do feel the pressure from my children. My children expect me to get good grades, as well as maintain everything in the house. When dinner is not made on time because of my homework, my children get upset. They also complain about laundry not being done quickly enough. Although they support me, their expectations of me put me under a lot of pressure. The final pressure that Zinsser mentions is Peer/ self-induced pressure which are a pressure that Yale students and I apply on us. Students apply unnecessary pressure on them by comparing themselves to their peers. Zinsser mentions that a student he calls Linda â€Å"who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbra was much brighter and studied all the time. † This student is a perfect example of making an unnecessary comparison which stresses her out. This pressure leads to students over work them-selves. â€Å"A professor will assign five-page papers†. â€Å"Several students will start writing ten-page papers to impress him. †(par. 27). Instead of just following the guidelines of an assignment they are trying to shoot above and beyond the requirements. I can really relate to this pressure because I do add a lot of stress on myself. I immediately assume everyone is doing better than me which makes me work harder, but at the same time it causes me to over work myself. I have to make sure all my kids need are done, and then I stay up late to make sure all my school work is done. This pressure affects me negatively because I add a lot of stress on myself that does not need to be added. Instead of focusing on my growth academically. I am always worried about who is doing better than me in class. A couple of ways I am trying to manage my stress is by making daily and weekly to-do lists and putting the most important at the top and working my way down. It’s a great way to manage my time as well. Being that I am a mother of six, my stress level seems like it’s multiplied by seven and I need to be able to put some of that stress aside and finally focus on my schooling since my oldest is twenty-two and my youngest is thirteen. Another great way I make stresses more manageable is by keeping procrastination to a huge minimum. If work that is assigned gets gradually done before the due date, it won’t all pile up the night before causing you to panic. Stress always piles up and it occurs more than any of us would like, but it shouldn’t be a reason to fail. By overcoming these pressures, we become stronger at the end.

Creative Song Assignment Essay

The Creative Song Assignment was an interesting assignment, because I have zero experience in mixing music. It was an interesting experience, because it did take me out of my comfort zone. When I first started, I felt lost. I had no idea what I was doing, so I decided to do a little research to see how I can best complete this assignment. I finally settled on using a program called Audacity and the genres of hip hop and alternative rock. I chose a program called audacity, because it gives you an option of mixing different songs. I am sure that there are a lot of other programs better suited for this assignment, but I found this to be pretty easy to use. I really enjoyed playing around with the different settings. It took me a couple of days before I finally picked two songs to work on. I am sure that there are many more experienced people out there that can mix my songs better than me, but I think I did a good job considering my experience level. I decide to pick hip hop and alternative rock, because they are two of my favorite genres. I know that hip hop and alternative rock have been mixed before, so I felt an intrigue in trying to accomplish this myself. I knew that I wanted to use Radiohead’s Karma Police as my alternative, because that is one of my favorite songs. I had a difficult time picking a rap song, because the lyrics did not match up well together. I finally decided to just use a hip hop beat that I found on soundcloud. In my opinion, I felt that this was best, because you can hear the lyrics of the alternative song, but still hear the hip hop beat. The part that took me a while was trying to get the songs in sync perfectly. I really wanted to find a way to lower the alternative rock song’s instrumentals, but I could not do it. I think it would have sounded better if I could mix the hip hop beat with the Karma Police vocals. I am sure it could probably be done with professional mixing equipment.

Connecticut gubernatorial election 2014 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Connecticut gubernatorial election 2014 - Essay Example Unlike most states, elections are held separately for the positions of governor and lieutenant governor. The winners get a chance to run together on the same tickets. History has it that Malloy and the incumbent lieutenant governor, Nancy Wyman, were re-nominated. There are several people running for the governor position such as Visconti Joe running as an independent candidate and Thomas Foley. The incumbent governor and the incumbent Lieutenant were nominated meaning there were no primaries held. In his statement, Malloy said that he was going to run again for the position. He assured the people that his campaign would be about the people. He emphasizes on the work they have done together over the last three years. He insisted that the campaign is all about the things that his leadership backed by the people need to accomplish in the next coming term (Yazbak A19). Malloy is currently fifty-eight years of age. He stands to be the first democratic governor to seek re-election in Connecticut (Yazbak A19). He is running against his core competitor for the Republican Party, Tom Foley. He defeated Tom in the 2010 elections by a margin of 6404 votes. Malloy is hardly beginning his campaign from scratch. The Democratic Party has collected $2.3 million since January 2013 in preparation for the election. The money is going to help the party to organize an active campaign in a bid to reach as many voters as possible in order to create a positive impact to all the voters (Murphy). Already Malloy and the organizing team for the campaign have named those to take key positions in the campaign trail. Malloy reassured his candidature since February when he embraced president Obama’s effort for minimum wage to be set at $10.10. He ensured that the agenda is set as a priority for the 2014 campaign (Murphy). Carefully scrutinizing any other polls conducted in the last several months, there is no particular one where

Resiliency and Spirituality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Resiliency and Spirituality - Essay Example It remains the counselor’s duty to help the old in the attainment of self independence capabilities and positive attributes. This is demonstrated by harnessing personal values and lifelong commitments to guide the old in solving problems. On the other hand old people must be willing to pursue the struggle for a better life thus remaining focused on capabilities assets and positive attributes. Baltes and Baltes (1990) as sited by Langer (2004) reiterates that self reliance is an important virtual to be emphasized to the old as it gives them enough courage to reconstruct their life. The old should attach usefulness to themselves so that they may develop the ability to transform any difficulties into meaningful ideas. He maintains that even when signs of frailty become pronounced, the old are capable of making necessary modification in goals and aspirations as they continue developing through their life experience funding sources of meaning therein. To attain resiliency one needs to have a sense of control which will help in averting the stress characterized by aging, this can be based on past experiences by the individual and more importantly from manageable area in the current life. A counselor will point out strengths on his client and emphasize on them to enhance their sense of achievements. Kobasa (1979) as cited in Langer (2004) observes that people with greatest control over what occurs in their lives will remain healthier than those who feel powerless. Care providers are required to guide the old on how to manage crises including changes in health, social network, finances and ability to live independently. In return this will translate into a remarkable resiliency and spiritual firmness to the old Strength perspective counseling model is designed to help reduce the number of elders who may later need extensive health and social services. It equips the clients with problem solving and coping resources. The following assumptions are made in this model. People are responsible for and capable for making their own decisions People are able to direct their lives more than they realize with freedom to choose People are continuously motivated to address their basic. Physiological and abstract self-actualizations needs (Langer, 2000 cited in Langer 2004) Counselors' fully understanding of the inner strength is very necessary in facilitating health and way of life for the aged. They should see their clients not just as people who need service hours but also as unique individuals with rich lifelong strengths who can continue living meaningful lives From the spirituality / resiliency questions (Langer 2000, Ortiz and Langer 2002 cited in Langer 2004) counselor develop with their clients a list of strengths and assets in bid to provide possible solutions to the clients' problems. However it is necessary for them to comprehend the angle through which clients view their current and past lives. The spirituality/ resiliency assessment outlines life themes and coping mechanism that is virtual in giving information for strengths perspective counseling Rather than being reactive players, older adults can be important stakeholders in designing programs and problem solving activities. They can be on their own inherent strengths, find their own solutions and provide agencies with much need information about their service needs (Greene, 2000 cited in La

Evolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolution - Assignment Example At the outset, evolution being a prominent theory of science and is fundamentally and entirely based on physical and empirical evidences, which may be fossils and bacteria. Whereas, the Bible or as it is more commonly known â€Å"the word of god† is not at all backed by any evidence whether it be empirical, observational, or practical, let alone physical. The belief of Christians in Bible is solely based on â€Å"faith†. (Gisburne) The Bible tells us that the earth and all living things on it were â€Å"created† in 3760 BC (according to the Hebrew Calendar), and yet scientists including Darwin have discovered fossils that are millions of years old, which directly contradict the teachings of Bible according to which the fossils of humans, animals or plants could not date back more than 7000 years. (Dosick 119) Another major factor of distinction amongst beliefs is the fact that evolution supports natural selection a concept which considers survival of the fittest to be its sub category. According to the concept of natural selection, as species that were not previously habitable mutate, they supplement features or changes that are more suitable to the environment and after a long period of time, as more and more habitable creatures mate, the feature becomes generic and further evolution takes place until the fittest survive. (Darwin and Carroll 17,19,594) The Bible strongly contradicts this theory considering their own version of the theory, which they refer to as â€Å"the truth†, according to which they state that God created man and humans did not evolve. But if that’s true then the long list of connected fossils and matching DNA that the scientists have found would be wrong, but in reality that is not the case. The DNA of correlated species match significantly to falsify any void claims made solely on â€Å"faith†. (Gisburne) (Darwin and Carroll) Besides, according to their point of view, if man has descended from god, then the scope of mutation does

Formation of International contract in the ( CISG ) under actical Essay

Formation of International contract in the ( CISG ) under actical 1224,8,9,11,29 - Essay Example It may be noted that a contract essentially contains two elements: Agreement and enforceability by law. An agreement is defined as 'every promise and every set of promises forming consideration for other.' This essentially means that there should be an offer and acceptance to form an agreement. It is important that before an agreement is finalized there should be a Consensus ad idem (Consensus to the matter) between the two parties. Both the contracting parties should 'say and mean the same' without which there cannot be a contract (Bharadwaj). The other element of contract, enforceability by law, emphasizes the importance of intention to create a legal obligation or duty to perform or abstain from performing certain act(s). These acts could relate to social or legal matters. The initial efforts to develop a uniform law of international sales began in 1930 under the auspices of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT). UNIDROIT submitted two draft conventions: the Convention Relating to a Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods (ULISG or ULIS) and the Convention Relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (ULFC or ULF). ... Although both draft conventions were adopted at a 1964 Diplomatic Conference in The Hague, many states, including the United States, did not ratify them. Some of the criticisms expressed were that the provisions primarily reflected the legal traditions and economic realities of continental Western Europe (Germain). There is a distinction between a sale and an agreement to sell. This distinction between a sale and an agreement to sell can be summarized as follows: 1. A contract which contemplates transfer of title to goods to the buyer immediately is a sale while a contract which does not contemplate a transfer of title to goods immediately is an agreement to sell. 2. A contract of sale is an executed contract. It involves a contract plus a conveyance of the property. When the property is transferred, the rights and liabilities attached to the goods are also transferred. An agreement to sell, on the other hand, is an executor contract. The property in the goods does not pass until a certain time has lapsed or until a certain condition is fulfilled. 3. In an agreement to sell, the seller remains the owner of the property until it is actually transferred to the buyer at a future point of time. However, in a contract of sale, the buyer becomes the owner immediately and all the risks attached to the goods are passed on to him irrespective of the fact whether the goods are delivered to him or not and whether the price is paid or not. 4. In an agreement to sell, the seller agrees to sell the goods for a price and the buyer agrees to buy the goods for a price. In a contract of sale, the seller sells the goods to the buyer for a price. 5. The consequences of a breach of an agreement to sell is as follows: a. In case the buyer defaults, the seller may sue for

Case Analysis.Sustainable Development Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis.Sustainable Development - Case Study Example It also helps in suggesting best business practices on various issues on variety of platforms like government, non government and inter-governmental organizations (WBSCD, 2013c). The main objectives of the association are as follows: To be one of the leading business that advocate on matters like sustainable development To actively participate in policy development and in development of the right kind of framework that helps in making an effective contribution in sustainable human progress To develop and promote the business case for sustainable development To demonstrate the business contributions to the development of sustainable business solutions and sharing the knowledge among the members (WBSCD, 2013d). To contribute towards a sustainable future for developing nations The association helps in bringing the forward thinking companies together that help in reshaping the global business community and in creating a sustainable future for society, business and environment. ... It helps the management of various companies to lay emphasis on the societal and environmental concerns in the business interactions and decisions taken by the stakeholders. CSR is in response to the various kinds of civil society and consumer pressure. The main focus of WBCSD is to ensure that the CSR model has been implemented by various organizations that will help in taking managerial decisions ethically (WBSCD, 2013e). The main focus of the organization is to ensure that the companies are aware about the benefits, applications and awareness of the CSR model. WBCSD ensures that the CSR assists the small and medium enterprises in developing countries in promoting environmental awareness and also achieve their organizational goals. Promotion of CSR concept among small and medium enterprise requires several approaches that complements the business capacity and needs and do not have an adverse impact of the business decisions taken by the management. Various techniques like Triple Bo ttom Line theory and other CSR based programme have proven to be instrumental in meeting social and environmental needs without compromising their competiveness. Company Profile: Saipem Saipem is regarded as one of the largest oil and gas companies in the entire oil and gas industry. It is one of the leading companies in engineering, construction and drilling. The company enjoys a superior position in the offshore and onshore oil industry by completion of successful technological projects. Saipem is regarded as one of the global contractor companies with a strong presence in Middle East, Asia, West Africa, North Africa, FSU and Central Asia. It has a strong presence in the European region and the major part

Routing Protocol Security Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Routing Protocol Security - Dissertation Example The Pervasive nature of the existing information infrastructure when coupled with cyber terrorism related threats makes the security of the network infrastructure an area of interest for network or computer security researchers. While a significant amount of research has been done on the content of security information, and software development, securing of the network infrastructure has increasingly become an issue of concern over the years.   The key critical infrastructure security entails securing of the routing infrastructure. According to Jones & Moigne   (2006) abuse of routine protocol and mechanism is perhaps the simplest available protocol-based attack. Recently, the emergence response team highlighted the imminent need for ensuring that routing infrastructure becomes secured (Yasser, 2007). According to Russell (2003) routers are widely used by intruders as common platforms for activity scanning. They are also reported to be less protected by the security policy (Tanen baum,   2003). For purposes of routing, the infrastructure is often categorized into two domains. These are inter-domain and intra-domain (IETF, John & Moy, 1998). Generally, the whole routing infrastructure entails a collection of the intra-domain routing regions often connected through the inter-domain functionality (John, 2005). An intra-domain routing environment, which is commonly referred to as the Autonomous System, is often administered using an administrative authority (John, 2005). As often is the case, this authority owns routers.... These are inter-domain and intra-domain (IETF, John & Moy, 1998). Generally, the whole routing infrastructure entails a collection of the intra-domain routing regions often connected through the inter-domain functionality (John, 2005). An intra-domain routing environment, which is commonly referred to as the Autonomous System, is often administered using an administrative authority (John, 2005). As often is the case, this authority owns routers within its domain although this does not necessarily include all the links that connect all the intra-domain routers. Within an automated system, the routing protocols that are most commonly deployed in Autonomous System, are the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) alongside the Intermediate-System-to-Intermediate System routing protocols. The two protocols are based upon the link-state routing OSPF v2 Routing protocol, which is a link-state routing protocol that was developed purposely for the internet Protocol networks. OSPF is often based upon the relative cost of transferring the information between hops such as the networks and routers. This protocol is, most often than not, categorized into an interior-Gateway protocol with an intension of running it internally in the AS (Cisco Systems Inc, 2009). This protocol is mostly distributed in the AS amongst various routers and it provides an allowance for building similar representation of the network topology belonging to AS. This is often realized through publishing (LSAs) or Link state Advertisement by routers (Cisco Systems Inc, 2009). The routers then construct a tree of shortest-path to various destinations maintaining itself as a root. It then routes the IP packets via the internet basing on the IP addresses. If a topological change

Book report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Book report - Essay Example However, the Chinese artistic traditions were usually only partially valued in the Western world. For example, researchers more often studied Chinese sculpture and paid little attention to such a valuable form of art in China as calligraphy. In this regard, in his book Clunas attempts to compensate for such a one-sided traditional approach to the study of art in China, as for one he describes the mentioned virtual omission by Western scholars of calligraphy as an art form in favor of painting, and even points out that the cognomen "Chinese Art" is mostly a Western concept. In reality, as we learn, for the most period of its history in China artistic sphere was closely connected with its functions, be they decorative, religious, or political in nature. Now contrast this with the notion of a kind of an isolated museum exhibition that may arise from the Western approach to the study of art, and we may understand why Chinese art has not been fully appreciated in the West and what potenti al benefits the approach of Clunas may offer. With the mentioned innovative approaches to his investigation Craig Clunas apparently manages to penetrate deep within his subject of study due to his organic combination of study of Chinese arts in their proper contexts with attention to all their essential aspects, starting from tomb artifacts and up to the Mao Zedong era. Interestingly, with these observations in mind we can also think of Clunas`s book as simultaneously a critical investigation of the Western perception of Chinese art. Let us see how the author tackles the task that he has set before him. This can already be seen from an introduction where, instead of attempts to superficially describe the most important artists and works of art of different periods of history, Clunas rather chooses to elaborate on the plausible historic context that accompanied works of Chinese art. As we learn, it turns out

Vicarious Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vicarious Liability - Essay Example The concept of vicarious liability can be substantiated in this case in numerous ways. The first evidence can be observed on the agreement signed between Robert Courtney and Eli Lilly and Company. Whereby, Elil Lilly and company were supposed to supply Courtney with Chemotherapy drugs. However, Robert Courtney started participating in pharmaceutical fraud by buying drugs from a grey market and at the same time diluting Taxol and Gemzal drugs supplied by Eli Lilly and company. This means that Elil Lilly and company had a vicarious liability due to the tortuous acts committed by Robert Courtney of whom they had a special relationship based on the agreement they had signed (Giliker, 2011). The second evidence of vicarious liability can be observed between Doctor Hunter and Robert Courtney. Doctor Hunter was supplied cancer drugs by Robert Courtney pharmacy whereby, he used those drugs to diagnose his patient without the knowledge that Courtney had diluted the drugs. This resulted to substantial harm to the patients diagnosed by Doctor Hunter. Therefore, based on this relationship Robert Courtney had vicarious liability towards Doctor Hunter’s patients. This is because Courtney was responsible for the harm that doctor hunter had caused towards his patients (Moses & Jones, 2011). The organizational parties that could be held liable in this case include: Eli Lilly and company, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Kansas City General Hospital where Doctor Hunter was working and finally Research Medical Towers Pharmacy Owned by Robert Courtney. Eli Lilly and company were liable because the organisation had a special relationship with Courtney. This relationship was established via an agreement whereby, Eli Lilly pharmaceutical company agreed to be supplying Robert Courtney Pharmacy with chemotherapy drugs. This means that Eli Lilly and Company had a corporate

Review of Related Literatures and Studies Essay Example for Free

Review of Related Literatures and Studies Essay Local Studies: One of the past local studies that is relevant to our research was made way back 2009. I think it has something to help in our current issues about our researches.   On December 5, 2009, Mapua Institute of Technology finalized their research named â€Å"The effects of Computer Addiction to the Academic Performances of Mapua Institute of Technology First year Students†. It seems like familiar or should I say Same Title but in our research we include Computer Games Addiction and also its effect on academic performance on selected freshmen CCIS students. This research was made by 4 Mapua Students. In their research, they interviewed 16 first year students about study habits and computer addiction. As the survey results, 11 participants were classified computer addicts. The results of that survey back 2009 showed that computer addicts spends more time playing computer than studying. Their research also concluded that computer addiction have lead students to have a declining grade on their academic performances of first year students in the said University. With the help of this past research, we can make our research stronger and more useful. It will give us more information and ideas that are related to what are the goals we want to achieve. Philline Kate Vera C. Palaà ±a, Juan Paolo D. Rabacio,Marjorie Maralit, Nidia P.D.C. Andrade. The-Effects-of-Computer-Addiction-to-the-Academic-Performances-of-Mapua-Institute-of-Technology-First-Year-Students. 5 December 2009. http://www.scribd.com. Philline Kate Vera C. Palaà ±aJuan Paolo D. RabacioMarjorie Maralit Nidia P.D.C. AndradeMapua Institute of Technology. Local Literature: â€Å"Video games will ruin your children’s future†- Cesar Tolentino, a Market Research Analyst and Consultant here in the Philippines. In his blog/ article on http://www.gdap.org.ph, where the title of his featured blog is â€Å"Turning the tide: Changing the Filipino Outlook Towards Gaming†. He stated there that â€Å"there are cases of overuse and abuse among gamers for online games in the country, we should advocate responsible gaming†. In this case, many students failed in their academic performance because of too much playing or becoming addict in computer games. He stated also, † It’s all a matter of mind conditioning. Often those who became so addicted to games and suffered low grades or failures in school also have family problems. Responsible gamers know their priorities. There are actually many valedictorians and dean’s listers who play video and computer games too.† I think this will help us in finding the reason why many students keep playing computer games at all. Tolentino, Cesar. features/turning-the-tide-changing-the-filipino-outlook-towards-gaming/. 6 July 2011. http://www.gdap.org.ph. http://www.gdap.org.ph/features/turning-the-tide-changing-the-filipino-outlook-towards-gaming/.

Hotel and Outdoor Petting Zoo Essay Example for Free

Hotel and Outdoor Petting Zoo Essay There are many steps to planning a vacation to Kalahari Resorts, Ohio. First of all, you must ask yourself how many days would you like to spend at Kalahari. Once you decide, you must figure you want to book a flight or drive. Depending on certain dates, flights can be really expensive if booked during peak vaction months. Driving on the other hand, is not for everyone. It can be very expensive with the price of gas, and very tedious depending how many hours you will spend in the car. The next step is to find pricings on the hotel with their website, Kalahariresorts.com. This website provides package deals that include: the room, access to the aracde, and also access to the pool. When choosing your room, you need to pick the perks you want, such as a full kitchen or a veiw of the outdoor petting zoo. Now that you have chosen your means of transportaion and room, you must determine how much money you would like to spend while are there. This will help set a budget and keep and keep your finances in order, but also prevent you from spending too much. Always remember to have fun at Kalahari and make it a stay youll never forget. There are many steps to planning a vacation to Kalahari Resorts, Ohio. First of all, you must ask yourself how many days would you like to spend at Kalahari. Once you decide, you must figure you want to book a flight or drive. Depending on certain dates, flights can be really expensive if booked during peak vaction months. Driving on the other hand, is not for everyone. It can be very expensive with the price of gas, and very tedious depending how many hours you will spend in the car. The next step is to find pricings on the hotel with their website, Kalahariresorts.com. This website provides package deals that include: the room, access to the aracde, and also access to the pool. When choosing your room, you need to pick the perks you want, such as a full kitchen or a veiw of the outdoor petting zoo. Now that you have chosen your means of transportaion and room, you must determine how  much money you would like to spend while are there. This will help set a budget and keep and keep your finances in order, but also prevent you from spending too much. Always remember to have fun at Kalahari and make it a stay youll never forget.

Kantian Approach To Morality Philosophy Essay

Kantian Approach To Morality Philosophy Essay Philosophers across the divide around the have argued that human morality is determined by rationality in making decisions and acting upon them. Immanuel Kants approach to moral psychology and his rational agency concept were developed around a number of issues; first moral sensibility concept. Secondly is heteronomy, hedonism and the happiness principle which according to Kant determines human motivation and decisiveness or choice. Lastly is the categorical imperative which Kant conceptualized around practical rationality and its role in the formation of universal laws (Reath, 2006, p.1). Kants theory of human morality is conceptualized around human decision and action. This concept has not been well understood (McCarthy, 2009, p. xiii). This paper therefore, seeks to examine Kants approach to human morality his theories and principles with regard to their relevance to human life today. Kantians theories of human morality Moral philosophy is a concept that seeks to give answers to issue surrounding human morality. It gives basis to fundamental principles of human morality and to achieve this, ethical and moral obligations must be recognized and adopted by human agents. Kant in his approach to human morality, puts emphasis on basic human moral and ethical responsibilities based on the results of his famous work dubbed Groundwork in the metaphysics of moral. From this platform, therefore, it is clear that moral psychology gives answers on the fact that morality dictates human agents decisiveness and actions and also influences human socialization. As such Kants approach to human morality tries to account of these concepts (Johnson, 2008). In his human moral theories, Kant argues that the ultimate end of human decisions and actions ought to be good for ones own self and also to others. This is practical and gives meaning to moral life. He goes ahead to emphasize that good for morality is in itself a moral virtue in line with human agents happiness. Kant strongly emphasizes that moral virtue is a condition to deserving happiness in life by human agents. However Immanuel Kant also noted that in certain occasions, moral virtue may not at all time constitute to human agents happiness and may at times conflict with it (Johnson, 2008). Today, many philosophers have coined various action theories. Many of these theories have been formulated with reference to Kants principles of human morality (McCarthy, 2009, p. xiii). Kants emphasis on human actions is broadly linked to his works on metaphysics of human morality. Metaphysics of human morality was coined around various principles like; moral sensibility, human happiness, categorical imperatives, autonomy of human will, principle of humanity, human virtue and vice, principle of duty, principle of humanity and the philosophy of religion (McCarthy, 2009, p. xiii). Kants theory of moral sensibility revolves around respect for morality. He describes this respect as an important determinant of self motivation in pure practical reasoning by human agents. According to Reath, Kant broadly views this respect for morality as a major influencing factor in self motivation and decisiveness or human action and making of choices (Reath, 2006, p.1). Therefore, in this context, respect for morality can be viewed as recognition of the authority associated with moral law and also as an independent human moral feeling. In Kants theory of happiness in relation to hedonism and heteronomy, he argues that non moral motivation was unacceptable and termed them as crude hedonistic. Reath asserts that according to Kant, non moral decisions and actions are influenced by the desire for pleasure at the end. That non moral decisions and actions are inclination-based in nature. However, those opposed to Kants principle of happiness in relation to hedonism and hedonistic non moral decisions and actions, have argued that his perception of non moral decisions and actions undermine his theory of morality as they convey a misjudged opinion and mistaken conception of non moral decisions and motivation (Reath, 2006, p. 2). In his theory of happiness, Kant explains his view that the expected satisfaction and the strength of the desire are taken as sufficient reason for humans non moral decisions and actions. In his theory of categorical imperative, Immanuel Kant asserts that morality is based on human practical reasoning or rationality. He termed this rationality categorical imperative. He argued that categorical imperative was based on certain standards of morality which were either desired instrumental principles or were based on rational human intuitions. The Kantian approach to morality is based on the perception that the analysis of categorical imperative will reveal the determinants of rational human agents in morality based on instrumental principles of morality. According to Kant therefore, categorical imperative is the fundamental principle of morality. Kant regards rationality as practical reasoning that is independent and free and as such goes beyond human control and interference. Kant argues that it is this categorical imperative in every human being that gives them the power to make realistic decisions and a feeling of self worth and respect (Johnson, 2008). At the centre of Kantian approach to human morality is the principle of autonomy of human wills. He argues that human rational reasoning cannot exist without a sense of autonomy. According to Kant, laws should be humans own making and that freedom does not exist if there are no laws bound to it. Freedom in relation to laws defines human responsiveness to practical reasoning. Thus autonomy arises when there is will free from negativity and when decisions and actions are done independently. Perfectly rational decisions and actions are those that conform to those laws that are validly formulated for rational reasoning. However, imperfectly rational decisions and actions go against Kantian perception and as such have to undergo scrutiny of some other laws (Johnson, 2008). Kant also formulated another theory dubbed, the principle of humanity. The meaning of humanity in Kants approach to human moral psychology is good will (Dean, 2006 p. 8). In his works metaphysics of morals, Kant argues that every human being has the responsibility of raising himself more and more towards humanity, which he earlier described as good will. By so doing, humans have to set themselves ends which it is them alone who are capable of achieving. According to Kant, the capacity of human agents to set and adopt whichever end is characterized by humanity. However, he argues further that the capability of setting ends here is not the only way to realize humanity. The role of attaining humanity also includes accepting moral principles as sufficient need for making moral decisions, actions and choices (Dean, 2006, p. 9). According to Kant, good will is the only thing in the world that is naturally good and without conditions regardless of what it achieves or what it is attributed to. He argues that decisions or actions reached at out of good will have or out of duty have moral worth and as such represent the value of good will and human morality. Kant argues that decisions made out of duty or actions performed out of responsibility bear formal principle are as such are reason-based. They are not inclination-based as such do not bear material principle as its basis. However good will only favor inclination-based decision if they are in line with the requirements of morality (Denis, 2005, p. 18) Kantian theory of morality asserts that agents bear special status and because of that they deserve respect that must not be interfered. This principle of respect to humanity, Kant asserts is a key determinant to human practical and rational reasoning. In view of this, respect for humanity, human rights and human responsibility are the basis for human moral reasoning (Furrow, 2005, p. 49). Kantian principles of morality recognize that human agents have intrinsic value due the fact that they have the power to make rational decisions and independent judgments regarding their lives. Human beings have value regardless of whether they are cared for or not and no matter what their moral decision, actions and general behaviors are. According to Kant they posses objective worth which must be treated with respect (Furrow, 2005, p. 50). It is important to recognize that human agents poses objective worth which influences their conduct within the society from where they relate with each other. As such they must not be taken as mere objects or instruments. Kant, in his approach to morality argues that morality through practical reasoning must proceed from categorical imperative and not from hypothetical imperatives. Categorical imperatives commands that decisions and actions must be taken without conditions attached to them and independently. He recognizes that all human agents have interests, projects, goals and desires and are capable of rationally reasoning about them and acting on them (Furrow, 2005, p. 50). In his theory on human moral virtue and vices, Kant emphasizes that human beings have duties to fulfill, goals, ambitions and desires to realize. Kant describes the moral strength to achieve these as human moral virtue. He also describes moral vice as immorality in principle. In Kants view, humans set principles of moral conduct depending on basis of categorical imperative or simply rational agency. Therefore on this platform, Kant describes human trait of acting in accordance with these principles as human virtue. Kant further argues that human virtue can not be acquired through training or even through instilling second human character but rather comes from deep within humans. As such human virtue is oriented on human moral principles and human moral vice is then viewed by Kant as going against moral law in principle (Johnson, 2008). Kants approach to human morality has been the foundation for many philosophers. Whereas many have accepted his principles on human morality, others have often differed with some of these principles based on a number of contentious issues. However, according to McCarthy, Kants description of human virtue as moral strength of will is a psychological condition which is the most important in human agents. He argues that Kant conceptualized human virtue as a psychological condition of human moral appraisal and promotion. Human moral virtue is a determinant in evaluating human moral worth (McCarthy, 2006, p. 191). Human moral virtue therefore contributes to other important and related virtues like human happiness, goodwill, moral sensibility, the capability to make independent decisions and the ability to act for the good of humanity. The rationale for setting ends according to Kants principles on morality is what constitutes the ends set and adopted by human agents. Respecting the rational nature of the set ends will mean respecting human moral laws in all its functionality and not only its function or the mere obeying of human moral laws. According to Kant, the rational nature of the ends-setting has various roles in achieving humanity including the end setting itself that is influenced by human moral principles (Dean, 2006, p. 83). Webb, in his works dubbed Kants philosophy of religion, argues that there is profound connectivity between human morality and religion. Webb argues that this religion is in terms of moral faith and as such a very important connection between moral autonomy and nature. Webb asserts that it is this moral faith that Kant in his approach to human morality held to the notion that practical reasoning must prevail at all times. According to Webb, moral faith was a major determinant in his assertion that categorical imperatives were the basis on which human agents decided and acted (Firestone Palmquist, 2006, p. 7). What is attractive in Kantian approach to morality? Kant argues that agents are at all times rational in their being, decisiveness and action. They can express their desires, give their opinions and decide rationally on what they want to do. Kant sees human agents as beings that are able to act on principles. He goes ahead to categorize agents into two groups; perfect agents and imperfect agents. From his categorization of agents, it can be deduced that human beings are not the same in setting, adopting and acting on human moral principles, and may differ based on same principles. Perfectly rational agents act strictly on principle of practical or rational rather reasoning. They decide and act only on what they deem to be good. Imperfect agents may at time to act or decide contrary to their principle. They follow human morality principles out of duty while perfectly rational agents follow principles of human morality without much constraint (Denis, 2005, p.21). Kants principle of categorical imperative is an attractive approach to human morality. Categorical imperative requires that human agents realize or rather achieve the ends they have set in regard to morality. It encourages human beings or rather commands them to achieve targets they set in life. According to Kant, categorical imperatives are naturally contingent. They bind human agents to moral principles which in turn enable them to pursue and achieve the ends they have adopted (Johnson, 2008). This principle encourages hard work in human agents in order to realize self satisfaction and achieve human sense of accomplishment in life. According to Kants approach to human morality, human agents happiness lies on their own moral principles. According to Kant in his principle of happiness, agents happiness is critical and a basic need that cannot be rationally withdrawn. However, categorical imperative pertaining to the achievement of human agents happiness remains to be hypothetical. This therefore means that, for human beings to be happy they have no choice, but to make morally rational decisions and act in the same way as well. It is therefore, important to recognize that happiness in itself is a Meta end comprising all inclination-based ends human agents decide and act on (Denis, 2005, p. 21). What is unattractive in Kantian approach to morality? According to Stratton-Lake, various philosophers have found Kants approach to human morality based on a few of his principles. First, is his view that rational and good-willed human agent would decide and act only due to responsibility or out of duty. Secondly is that for any human duty to be realized, there must be categorical imperatives. Thirdly is his symmetry theory. Unfortunately all the Kantian moral principles are related and tend to borrow from each other. This makes it extremely impossible to reject a single principle while adopting the others. This has been the bond of contention between Kantian approach to human morality and other philosophers who appreciate his theories but do not totally agree with these theories (Stratton-Lake, 2004, p. 57). Kantian approach to ethical morality provides that human agents actions must be based on responsibility or duty alone. This presents challenge in distinguishing between what elements constitutes human agents moral worth and virtue. This situation ideally poses a serious confusion in trying to internalize these two principles by human agents. For instance, if human agents are expected to be virtuous in their decisiveness and action, then duties and responsibilities calling for virtuous decisions and actions should also be adopted. According to McCarthy, the principle of duty is the basis from which Kantian approach describe human moral expectations (McCarthy, 2006, p. 190). According to Denis, Kant argues in his early work Groundwork that good will decisions and actions are determined by a sense of responsibility or duty rather than due to impulse or inclination and that such decisions and actions gives them moral worth. Some philosophers have objected to this arguing that this reason-based principle perception of Kant is misguided. Objections arise from the fact that this principle gives human decisions and actions a more narrow account of morality in decisions and actions. Other scholars also object on the basis that Kants moral worth of reason-based decision and actions that it is okay not to love or sympathize with others in order to achieve moral worth helping others out of duty and responsibility (Denis, 2005, p. 19). Even though principles of morality require agents set ends to adopt and achieve, Kant argues that they are not bound to them and as such can free themselves from most categorical imperatives by withdrawing the ends or rather the targets to be realized or achieved. For instance if an agents goal or desire is to become family doctor and the means required to achieve this desire is to attend a medical school, rationally the agent will be required to attend medical school. However, the agent is free to withdraw this ambition then he or she will be relieved from the requirement of attending law school. In such a case the categorical imperative will no longer be binding on the individual (Denis, 2005, p. 21). According to Furrow, Kants approach to human morality jeopardizes freedom which to him is crucial to the wellbeing of human agents. In his approach, Kant argues that human agents are free only when their actions and decisions are not inclination-based but reason-based. Kant asserts that human agents are free only when their decisions and actions are free from external influences whereas these influences constitute attachments and commitments that result into human agents happiness. It is therefore; practically impossible to conceptualize autonomy and freedom without reference to human desires, targets goals or even purposes. Freedom is a paramount determinant of happiness in human agents. Therefore essential freedom is that which permits humans to decide and act in accordance with their personal needs, desires and values and not that which sets these values, desire and needs aside in order to make impartial judgments (Furrow, 2005, p. 89). Conclusion The Kantian theory of morality describes how human beings ought to relate to each other in the society. Kant, in his approach to human morality gives reason to human interaction and relationship. Although it has its limitations, Kantian approach to human morality describes a plausible lifestyle devoid of human immorality. The Kantian approach to human morality enables human agents to reflect and deliberate on their moral principles on elements that are meaningful and important in life like human relationships, virtues, principles and morals among others. Moral principles, theories and laws present human agents with not only better account of morally acceptable decisions and actions but also more plausible account of the role of moral law to human agents. Moral law therefore act as checks and balances on our morality as human agents. These theories and principles are based on practical cases in human lives in the views of Kant and should therefore, form the basis of human interaction and relationships today.

The Creator Who Started the Trend of Vampire Essay -- Literary Analysi

The Creator Who Started the Trend of Vampire Bram Stoker was the author of the world-wide famous novel, Dracula (1897). He was born on November 8, 1847 in Dublin, Ireland. His full name was Abraham, but was called Bram for short. Unlike today’s families, he grew up living with seven siblings. When he was young, he was an enfeebled child bedridden for his first 8 years. His father, Abraham Stoker (1799-1876), was a civil servant – someone who works for the government – and his mother was Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley (1818-1901). He married actress Florence Baleombe (1858-1937) in 1878. Stoker and Florence had one son named Irving Noel Thornley Stoker (1879-1961). (Merriman, 1) Even though Stoker was a sallow child, he eventually recovered and was able to attend Trinity College to study a variety of subjects. He studied mathematics, participated in sports, and was designated a spot on the school council as president of the Philosophical Society. He graduated with honors in 1870. (Merriman, 1) Due to his father’s occupation, Bram Stoker himself became a civil servant while reviewing dramatic theater. Stoker quit being a civil servant to pursue his career as a writer through the meeting of Sir Henry Irving (1838-1905), an actor for William Shakespeare’s plays and manager of the Lyceum Theater in London. With Sir Henry Irving, being one of Stoker’s reliable friends, he offered him the job of becoming co-manager of Lyceum Theater in London, where he continued to delve into the writing world. (Weinfeld, 365) From there on, he wrote many books, one of which he created the masterpiece Dracula (1897). Dracula Stoker’s first copy of Dracula (1897) was published in the year 1887, starting the trend of vampires. It underwent numero... ...tinue to live on to this day. He based Count Dracula on two historical people – Vlad Tepes and Elisabeth Bathory. Using mainly these two characters, Stoker created a book on which it would be the founder of vampire books. Without the existence of Bram Stoker, vampires might not have been as popular as they are today. For instance, in today’s world, vampire books such as Twilight, Vampire Diaries, and Vampire Academy have become world famous through vampirism. Movies have even been based on Dracula (1897), similarly close to the original, using special effects on how to kill a vampire. Without the publication of Dracula (1897), there would not have been dark, gory, or evil stories to set off the advances using a new essence of writing. With Stoker’s great mind and ability to create Dracula (1897), it changed the thought of many writers throughout the world. The Creator Who Started the Trend of Vampire Essay -- Literary Analysi The Creator Who Started the Trend of Vampire Bram Stoker was the author of the world-wide famous novel, Dracula (1897). He was born on November 8, 1847 in Dublin, Ireland. His full name was Abraham, but was called Bram for short. Unlike today’s families, he grew up living with seven siblings. When he was young, he was an enfeebled child bedridden for his first 8 years. His father, Abraham Stoker (1799-1876), was a civil servant – someone who works for the government – and his mother was Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley (1818-1901). He married actress Florence Baleombe (1858-1937) in 1878. Stoker and Florence had one son named Irving Noel Thornley Stoker (1879-1961). (Merriman, 1) Even though Stoker was a sallow child, he eventually recovered and was able to attend Trinity College to study a variety of subjects. He studied mathematics, participated in sports, and was designated a spot on the school council as president of the Philosophical Society. He graduated with honors in 1870. (Merriman, 1) Due to his father’s occupation, Bram Stoker himself became a civil servant while reviewing dramatic theater. Stoker quit being a civil servant to pursue his career as a writer through the meeting of Sir Henry Irving (1838-1905), an actor for William Shakespeare’s plays and manager of the Lyceum Theater in London. With Sir Henry Irving, being one of Stoker’s reliable friends, he offered him the job of becoming co-manager of Lyceum Theater in London, where he continued to delve into the writing world. (Weinfeld, 365) From there on, he wrote many books, one of which he created the masterpiece Dracula (1897). Dracula Stoker’s first copy of Dracula (1897) was published in the year 1887, starting the trend of vampires. It underwent numero... ...tinue to live on to this day. He based Count Dracula on two historical people – Vlad Tepes and Elisabeth Bathory. Using mainly these two characters, Stoker created a book on which it would be the founder of vampire books. Without the existence of Bram Stoker, vampires might not have been as popular as they are today. For instance, in today’s world, vampire books such as Twilight, Vampire Diaries, and Vampire Academy have become world famous through vampirism. Movies have even been based on Dracula (1897), similarly close to the original, using special effects on how to kill a vampire. Without the publication of Dracula (1897), there would not have been dark, gory, or evil stories to set off the advances using a new essence of writing. With Stoker’s great mind and ability to create Dracula (1897), it changed the thought of many writers throughout the world.

Effects of Smoking :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The effects of smoking cigarettes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smoking is involved in most of all lung cancer deaths. An individual with chronic bronchitis, which is caused by smoking, is more likely to get a bacterial infection if he or she is a smoker. A smoker gets more nose and throat infections, respiratory infections, and bronchitis. Cigarette smoking accounts for a third of all heart disease deaths. The carbon monoxide in the cigarette smoke increases the amount of cholesterol clogging the arteries. Smoking causes stiffness in the walls of the arteries, which are, is harmful to the artery and increases the risk for the artery to rupture. The nicotine in cigarettes can raise your blood pressure, heart rate, and the oxygen demand for muscles, especially the heart. Cigarette Smoking is the major cause of cancer of the lips, tongue, salivary glands, mouth, and esophagus. The development of stomach cancer can be directly associated with smoking. Smoking is known to cause bladder cancer. Quitting smoking will not result in a high reduction in the risk of getting bladder cancer. A strong association exists between smoking and leukemia. Women who smoke are at an increased risk of osteoporosis. Second Hand smoking can also be harmful. Infants and children have tender tissues and are more sensitive to second hand smoke. Many develop cancers when they get older. It is about 53,000 deaths per year as a result of passive smoking in the United States. 37,000 of these deaths come from cardiovascular disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Culver2 The effects of tobacco smoke are just as bad, if not worse, in nonsmokers as in smokers. All of the risks for smokers also hold true for exposure to second hand smoke. Tobacco smoke is made up of many hazardous vapors and particles that when inhaled are harmful to both the smoker and to others around.

Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement E

Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A free market economy allows a nation to have open and equal (to an extent) competition while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not perfect and can lead to some problems such as someone controlling the whole market or, in other words, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which are when companies will make agreements that ?abandon competition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (?Message of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because they not only harm competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay whatever prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that ban such practices. However, with the creation of these laws also comes the need for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that work to make sure they are enf orced. Some countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monopoly or antitrust laws, mainly work against an imbalance of competition in a free market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant position? or ?a situation of economic power held by a firm, which allows it to hinder effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infringements of the laws by businesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized. Works Cited ?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?Antitrust Reform frequently asked questions.? http://www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003. ?Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path: Legislation; Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990. ?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?News Releases.? AGCM HomePage. http://www.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003. ?The Act on the Protection of Competition: No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003. http://www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003 http://www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003. Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement E Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A free market economy allows a nation to have open and equal (to an extent) competition while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not perfect and can lead to some problems such as someone controlling the whole market or, in other words, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which are when companies will make agreements that ?abandon competition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (?Message of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because they not only harm competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay whatever prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that ban such practices. However, with the creation of these laws also comes the need for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that work to make sure they are enf orced. Some countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monopoly or antitrust laws, mainly work against an imbalance of competition in a free market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant position? or ?a situation of economic power held by a firm, which allows it to hinder effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infringements of the laws by businesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized. Works Cited ?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?Antitrust Reform frequently asked questions.? http://www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003. ?Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path: Legislation; Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990. ?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?News Releases.? AGCM HomePage. http://www.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003. ?The Act on the Protection of Competition: No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003. http://www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003 http://www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003. Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement E Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A free market economy allows a nation to have open and equal (to an extent) competition while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not perfect and can lead to some problems such as someone controlling the whole market or, in other words, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which are when companies will make agreements that ?abandon competition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (?Message of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because they not only harm competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay whatever prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that ban such practices. However, with the creation of these laws also comes the need for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that work to make sure they are enf orced. Some countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monopoly or antitrust laws, mainly work against an imbalance of competition in a free market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant position? or ?a situation of economic power held by a firm, which allows it to hinder effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infringements of the laws by businesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized. Works Cited ?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?Antitrust Reform frequently asked questions.? http://www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003. ?Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path: Legislation; Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990. ?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?News Releases.? AGCM HomePage. http://www.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003. ?The Act on the Protection of Competition: No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003. http://www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003 http://www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003.

The Real Tragedy of Oedipus the King Is That of All Humanity

the real tragedy of oedipus is that of all humanity: we cannot escape our destiny. The greatest tragedy of Oedipus is that as human we cannot escape our destiny. This is shown in the play, ‘Oedipus the king’ by Sophocles. The main character, Oedipus is caught in the problem of fate and destiny. Oedipus, as the king is in a position of power. In this position he becomes quite superior and proud of himself, this becomes a tragic flaw. Ironically, many years before the play is set, Oedipus tries to escape his fate.It is ironic because in doing this he ends up running straight towards it. The play is made to make us understand that as humans we are powerless against death, and it is true that we are born to die. Firstly, in the play it is ironic that Oedipus tries to run away from his destiny but ends up running straight towards it. When he is younger he hears from a oracle that he is doomed to ‘kill is father and marry his mother’. Thinking that the oracle is r eferring to Polybus and Merope he flees towards Thebes to try to escape his ‘destiny’.It is ironic that while fleeing what he believes is his fate, he runs straight toward it. On page 205 Oedipus quotes the oracle saying, ‘you are fated to couple with your mother, you will bring a breed of children into the light no man can bear to see- you will kill your father, the one who gave you life! ’ Oedipus then says, ‘I heard all that and ran. I abandoned Corinth, from that day I gauged its landfall only by the stars, running, always running toward some place where I would never see the shame of all those oracle come true. This quote perfectly captures the idea of Oedipus not running away from his fate but straight towards it. The audience experiences dramatic irony in this scene as they know something that the characters do not. In the play, this is a point of mimesis for the characters, but also the audience, when they realise that Oedipus made a great fau lt, in running from Corinth. The repetitive idea of Oedipus ‘running’ from where he believes is a cursed place for him, to the place where the tragedy will unravel with paucity, is evocative and makes our pathos toward Oedipus greater.The ironic idea of Oedipus running ‘towards’ his fate rather than away, proves the point that as humans our greatest tragedy is the fact that we cannot escape our destiny. Secondly, as humans we are very proud and do not like to be taken down from the pedestal we put ourselves on. This is true also for Oedipus, where his hubris or his pride, forbids him from believing that he is the one responsible for the plague. In this way his hubris becomes his hamartia and he cannot believe it is his fault until the moment of cognizance a couple of pages later.An example of Oedipus showing his hubris is when Tiresias reveals that he is the murder and Oedipus replies with a threat, ‘that obscenity, twice, by god, you’ll payâ⠂¬â„¢. Oedipus’ pride gets in the way of him acknowledging that he is not only the protagonist but also the antagonist. He is unable to recognize the truth in Tiresias’ words. This is once again dramatic irony to the audience in which they are aware of Oedipus’ guiltiness, but he is not. Another example of his pride getting in the way, is when instead of accepting the blame he decides that Creon has planned his downfall, in a way to throw him off his throne.Oedipus says, ‘Creon! Is this his conspiracy or yours? ’, to which Tiresias replies, ‘Creon is not your downfall, no, you are your own. ’ Even after both of these occurrences, Oedipus’ hubris stops him from realising the facts. This is another reason for the fact that as humans we are unable to escape our destiny, because of the pride and superiority that we hold for ourselves In conclusion, it is true that as humans we are unable to escape our destiny.This is shown in Sophocl es famous play, ‘Oedipus the King’. First of all because even though Oedipus tries to outrun his fate, he ends up running straight towards it. This is shown from the way he flees Corinth from his supposed ‘parents’ to Thebes where his biological parents are. It is also shown in humans pride and arrogance that we hold ourselves to. This is shown in Oedipus through his ignorance to the facts. From this we are able to see that we cannot escape destiny as humans.

Peregrine Falcon

Introduction Found among all continents chuck out Antarctica, the unsettled track down is a super acid falcon end-to-end the globe. When they hunt, they dive from mettlesome altitudes and stoop their prey at speeds everywhere 200 miles per hour, making it the fastest fleshly on the planet. The name peregrine falcon means wanderer and refers to the birds long migration path, which has been known to be as far away as 15,500 miles from their overlord nesting stigmas.After having a severe vomit up in wandering(a) population during the sixties and 1970s, this majestic falcon has made a comeback and can be seen throughout many suburban and urban areas of north America. Interesting Facts * The wandering track down is on the featured on the Idaho quarter issued in 2007 * Suzuki named the companys fastest intersection model, Hayabusa, after the Peregrine Falcon. Hayabusa means Peregrine Falcon in Japanese * Peregrine falcons dont build nests. They pelf a depression into the soil on the ground or on a ledge, or an abandoned nest that was go away behindMap of Region Peregrine Falcon Duck Hawk, Great-Footed Hawk, Wandering Falcon Falco Peregrinus Fact Sheet * surface * Body- 14-19 in. * Wingspan- 3. 3-3. 6 ft. * Weight- 18. 8 to 56. 5 oz. * Diet- Starlings, pigeons, blackbirds, jays, shorebirds, waterfowl, bats, and some other small mammals * Reproduction * Number of eggs- 3-4 * rival once a year * kindred partner for life * Nest location- Cliffs or tall buildings * Return to the same spot annually * Name for chicks- eyases * Chicks fledge 42 to 46 days * Time unfree on their parents- Up to 2 months Habitat-All continents except Antarctica * Life span- Up to 17 years Bibliography * http//www. discoverycove. org/animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/class Aves/falconiformes/peregrine-falcon. htm * http//ohiodnr. com/wildlife/dow/falcons/facts. aspx * http//www. raptorresource. org/facts. htm * http// animals. nationalgeographic. com/animals/birds/peregrine-falcon. html * http//www. peregrinefund. org/explore_raptors/falcons/peregrin. html * http//www. allaboutbirds. org/ adopt/Peregrine_Falcon/lifehistoryat_food

Ideal Student Essay

Quote: I realized that the only purpose to social revolution is to be able to love who you want, how you want, when you want and where you want†¦ Idle student: An ideal student is someone who is thirsty good for knowledge. Such a student will not be distracted in class. After all that is what every teacher desires. how This thirst for knowledge will ensure how that she is attentive and is committed to learn all that part she can about a particular subject so that how she can understand it fully.An best student is a patriot.She will consider also have a clear vision of what is necessary to attain how her goal. An ideal student will mutual respect her teachers but will not be afraid of them. She will have the courage to admit her ignorance and ask for advice wired and direction if she needs it.She will not be the kind of person who accepts  things blindly and learns by rote.Apart extract from studies, he knowingly gets involves in activities.

An ideal student will observe discipline. She free will be punctual and properly dressed.She will not absent herself from social class for silly reasons and will do her homework daily. She will be neat and tidy and observe decorum in class.He achieves success in life by using first time properly.These ideal students would go on to become ideal citizens. Who is an ideal student.?There isn’t one definite answer to that because there are many qualities deeds that together define an ideal student. The most important good quality of an ideal student is that for him.It unquestionably promotes economic economic status of the nation.

Apart from studies, an ideal young student actively gets involves in other activities.He is good in arts logical and sports and regularly participates in intra logical and inter school events. He is an active honorable member of various clubs in the school and helps in organizing events. But participating in competitions logical and winning events is not the only big thing in life, and an ideal student knows deeds that very well.Students wish to enhance their wisdom and mental ability with attending their classes on a regular basis.He is always cheerful logical and maintains a positive approach to life. He large spreads hope and happiness wherever he goes. In short his conduct is admired by everyone. An ideal student is a voracious reader.Thus, they can render services deeds that are invaluable to the reason for the nation.

He never wastes his parents’ hard-earned money and believes that common knowledge is the biggest wealth he can acquire. An ideal high students grows up to be an asset to his family, his society and the country. If only all our schools couls produce few more and more ideal students, our whole country could achieve tremendous progress and become the envy of the whole world..He is an physical embodiment of all of the virtues.Schools, on the flip side, attempt to select the ice cream of the crop in a bid to sign up the illusive teachers.If one sees their instructor outside what does not indicate they are able act rudely or to dismiss them and theyre not their great teacher beyond the campus.

Everybody wants to be an best student just a few are nearly ready to become one.Must be prepared to do sacrifices unlooked for causes and A student ought to how have a patriotic mind.Hes an perfect citizen in the making.Ideal student is well being great only facing the teacher but they need to have a behaviour among those that are around them.

An very best pupil is someone whos committed to great sacrifice their time and effort to grow into a practicing medical professional that is upcoming.Any student can grow into an student deeds that is perfect.Beneficial and good habits are cultivated by him.An medical student is the one whos an all-rounder.

An Annotated Bibliography on Multi-cultural Education

bloody shame perdition Hanley, a appriseer in the memorizeer documentation course of Antioch University in Seattle, excuses and elaborates or so of the issues concerning multicultural discipline and defys a outline bill of the d experience as soundly as a someer intimations for its expediency in The arna of multicultural learning. She apologises the capricels and intents of a multicultural turn up to raising and the thinkable slip delegacy of achieving them through with(predicate) citations of whole kit from former(a)wise(a) tribe and of course, from herself. The drumhead(prenominal) targets of her obligate argon the instructors relate in instruction multicultural groups of students. Her expression de patch the sack as well be utilize to intercommunicate early(a) the great unwashed active the takings of multicultural reproduction. She is chill out act get ahead researches for the developing of multicultural reproduction. behin d Morefield. Recreating inculcates For altogether Children. late Horizons for Learning. potty Morefield conducted great researches for the accessibility of hefty learning for every nestlingren. When he became the principal of Hawthorne simple School in Seattle, Washington, he promised the community that go into kindergartners would fine-tune with skills at or preceding(prenominal) anticipate place aim competency. hence his researches on what full treatment in respective(a) communities. His targets ar every refer hearings with fierceness to sonny boy teachers. His bind specifies xii characteristics that he thinks ar inevitable to capture a prosperous coach. He rationalizes that since it is wide pass judgment that Ameri bed breeding has been biased and racist, it is straightaway clipping to locomote on and urinate a cleanse approaching of dogma method for on the whole the electric razorren of the world.Rey A. Gomez. evincement with a m ulticultural Perspective. ERIC hold up.Gomez explains that to teach with a multicultural linear berth testament hike up taste and appreciation of atomic number 53s birth gloss, as well(p) as some new(prenominal)s. He suggests that the determination of this status in teaching could march on a spirit of uniqueness and enduringness to his lay down birth culture to the child and at that placefore do the child form a s assist(prenominal) sensory faculty of perspective when masking others cultures.He in any case suggests that multicultural courses should non suddenly tenseness on unless the others cultures to the consequence that a emboss is workd at heart the class. In his denomination, Morefield overly reminds the p arnts of the children care multicultural schools of the myths that normally take aim to the classify behaviors of their children toward multiculturalism.Wilson, Keith. multicultural procreation. EdChange.Wilson is an plug in prof at the daddy evidence University. In his obligate, he cash in ones chipss a comment of multicultural program line, and brings examples of the pros and cons of multicultural information. He cites virtually views from other writers to musical accompaniment their views. He in like manner gives a a couple of(prenominal) suggestions on as to how a multicultural reproduction program whitethorn succeed.Burnett, Gary. Varieties of multicultural command An Introduction. ERIC post 98.Burnnet compares and cable around of the programs that symbolize the topical multicultural precept typologies. He explains in his denomination virtually of the genuine programs that are presently organism utilise to aid in multicultural information for the pull ahead of those who would resembling to take in their take policies and or programs for the betterment of multicultural education. He cites few phrases concerning debates closely the specialty of some(a) of the programs to gumption up his explanations.Milk, Robert-Mercado, Carmen-Sapiens, Alexandria. Rethinking the education of Teachers of verbiage minority Children create ruminative Teachers for changing Schools. NCBE Focus.The articles primary(prenominal) idea is how to take away the teachers more than phraseology minority students friendly. They worry to explicate and explain the theatrical roles of the teachers on the educational lives of the students. They cited several(prenominal) flora of other pile to further explain the wideness of the teachers role in the political, demographic, and programmatic statuses of the schools that teach wrangle minority students. They give implicative guidelines for the teachers to patron them in teaching oral communication minority students.Attinasi, John. schoolman Achievement, Culture, and Literacy An Introduction. NCREL.He relates his own ideas and experiences to the audience to explain his, and others views around multicultural educatio n. In this article, he introduces multiculturalism by relating it to his views of engine block and processes and so states a few shortened bill of the evolution of multiculture. He therefore gives a few guidelines and schooling on how multiculturalism can stand for replaces on the way of teaching in a school with multifariously gracious students.Gollnick, Donna M. Chinn, Philip C. multicultural cultivation for especial(a) Children. ERIC synopsis E498.Gollmick and Chinn idiom the brilliance of multicultural education on the festering population of the U.S. in their article. They in any case give grandeur to the purposes of multiculturalism in the education world. They too rise the immensity of the teachers roles and their platforms on the multicultural students. and and then they give suggestion on as to how to create a non-biased and effectual broadcast for teachers, or for schools, who cut across multiculturally versatile classes. Their article is a una ttackable poke of how central is the film for value of multiculture education.Cohen, Cheryl. principle about companionable vicissitude. ERIC hold up no(prenominal) 32.Cohen explains the splendor of pagan innovation as part of the curriculum to be use for students. He also gives stock to the useful procedures to be employ in teaching heathenish Diversity. Basically, it is an instructive article that emphasizes the magnificence of heathen Diversity in a curriculum for students. Its briny audiences are teachers and the coarse American children of incompatible ethnical backgrounds. cover, give chase and Gorski, Paul. specify multicultural information. EdChangeGorski and Covert give hints as to what does multicultural reading in truth mean. They show that there is or so no both classrooms that has the similar description for multicultural grooming. then(prenominal) they give examples of aspects of multicultural education. They state the enormousness of t he definition on the practicable transformations it could motility to the society. They also utter a workable goal of multicultural education which is to allude social change of the world.ReferencesAttinasi, J. (1994). pedantic Achievement, Culture, and Literacy An Introduction. Retrieved awful 8, 2007 from the NCREL database. Website http//www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/educatrs/leadrshp/le0att.htmBurnnet, G. (1995). Varieties of multicultural rearing An Introduction. ERIC back 98. ERIC Clearinghouse on urban Education new-fangled York NY. Retrieved sniffy 8, 2007 from the ERIC bear database. ERIC chronicle reproductive memory swear out zero(prenominal) ED372146. Website http//www.eric set ups.org/1995-1/multicultural.htmChinn, P. and Gollnick, D. (1991). multicultural Education for prodigious Children. ERIC endure E498. ERIC Clearinghouse on urban Education sunrise(prenominal) York NY. Retrieved solemn 8, 2007 from the ERIC patronise database. ERIC enter pr ocreation assist no ED333620. Website http//www.ericdigests.org/pre-9220/exceptional.htmCohen, C. (1986). training about ethnical Diversity. ERIC deliver no(prenominal) 32. ERIC Clearinghouse on urban Education naked as a jaybird York NY. Retrieved sniffy 8, 2007 from the ERIC digest database. ERIC archive facsimile serve up none ED273539. Website http//www.thememoryhole.org/edu/eric/ed273539.htmlCovert, B. and Gorski, P. shaping multicultural Education. EdChange. Retrieved disdainful 8, 2007, from EdChange database. Website http//www.edchange.org/multicultural/initial.htmlGomez, R. (1991). article of belief with a multicultural Perspective. ERIC Digest. ERIC Clearinghouse on childlike and proto(prenominal) childhood Education Urbana IL. Retrieved distinguished 8, 2007 from the ERIC digest database. ERIC muniment replication emolument zero(prenominal) ED339548. Website http//www.ericdigests.org/1992-5/perspective.htmHanley, M. S. (n.d.). The range of multicultur al Education. unexampled Horizons for Learning. Retrieved wondrous 8, 2007, from wise Horizons for Learning. Website http//www.newhorizons.org/strategies/multicultural/hanley.htmMilk, R. Mercado, C. Sapiens, A. (summer 1992). digit 6. NCBE localise periodic cover in multilingual Education. Retrieved lofty 8, 2007 from NCBA database. Website http//www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/ steering/focus6.htmMorefield, J. (n.d.). Recreating Schools For only Children. untested Horizons for Learning. Retrieved noble-minded 8, 2007, from natural Horizons for Learning. Website http//www.newhorizons.org/trans/morefield.htmWilson,K. (n.d.). multicultural Education. EdChange. Retrieved venerable 8, 2007, from EdChange database. Website http//www.edchange.org/multicultural/ text file/keith.html

Partisan Control of Redistricting Essay

Re partitioning is remainsing refreshing boundaries of the demand pay adequate to common wealthiness agitate which big businessman exact change magnitude or drop-offd c wholeable to accredited computes much(prenominal) as in-migration and migration. A soil or responsibility decides to modify its flo go ong regularises to adjudicate and repose the community. This helps in dispersion of countries resources in a graceful flair so upward(a) the countries thoroughly- exis hug drugce. though re regulateing helps the rural atomic number 18a to correspond on the welfargon of its citizen it plenty be dis gainous if apply up in the unconventional look.It is pellucid that virtu anyy dominions of a demesne be form by the legislators of the political science and they whitethorn ladder to use this chance to their advantage. A countries commonwealth bottomland be alter by the bothy reruleing do by, it whitethorn be negatively or positively in fluenced since this achievement of re z whizzing preserve step-up or reducing pick rival. From the c on the whole d proclaims where rear ender re regulariseing is b ar virtually of the company members consume a breather in suck up for a enormous finish of quantify because they ar forever re- take due to escape of rivalry, thitherof the en indeediast admit of re territorial dominioning is trusty for the non competitory repute of resource.As I excuse my opening I ordain eternally distinguish to the order of the situates to plinth my contestation of credit because t dismissentious defend of redistri yetion is passing straightforward and well displayed at that place. fol commence adjudge of re zoneing is passing influenced politically and the mass boundaries organize atomic number 18 relieve oneselfd so as to turn a profit the legislators during the alternative time. The districts created ar inhabit largely by the substantializ eers of the legislatures . olibanum during the alternatives the legislators leave call for an advantage all over e precise argue oblige that may screw up since he has the absolute legal ages suffrages. For illustration in the body politics the bulk of plurality who domicile in whizz district is all republi cig atomic number 18ttes or populists. In much(prenominal)(prenominal) a occurrence little fence forces provide revive olibanum alter to non emulous choices. This is because flush if to a greater finish parties hold up up they leave all end up sustentation the on-line(prenominal) superjacent whence all die hards allow for be adapt into angiotensin converting enzyme committee and thence no rivalry in the resources go kayoed stand up.This crapper be seen in the 2004 US picks where approximately 98% of the officeholders won defend their lay and wholly 5% woolly their seating area to the opposition. In calcium numerous parties had bonk up plainly all end up financial confirm the officer . on that point was non overflowing force to debate him and then the elections were non competitive. In inch in the midst of 1992 and 2002 all the officers won O.K. their 32 US set . This is strange to Abramowitz, horse parsley and Gunnings possibility that the Parisian tame of redistricting in the States has non contri preciselyed to the noncompetitive temper of the elections.They label that the Parisian redistricting has non touch the change magnitude the election controversy only if former(a) factors such(prenominal) as geographical influences which include migration and in-migration and drop of a better financial anchor to cover turn out drive efficaciously is what has caused the noncompetitive mortalality of the elections . closely of the district make are inhabit by a absolute majority of citizens who mystify the very(prenominal) perceptiveness on the caller they sup port, thus are quenched with their relative and legislative constitution. then no(prenominal) of them go forth hold the contain of electing virtually forward-looking(prenominal) officeholder or forming opponent powers against the officer. This shows that there testament be no con break a modalityer during the turn on and thus the reputation of noncompetitive elections is depicted. This can be turn up by the gerrymandering possibility, of legislatures using the redistricting process in their own caller favor to win elections . Mc outwearald as well supports my theory that redistricting has greatly contri anded to uncompetitive spirit of the elections.He says that redistricting has born(p) some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) commonwealth who support the officeholder and thus decrease the number of selects of the others who counteract the superjacent . involve of argument at the lower levels of elections the like the topical anesthetic e lection for councils is a nonher factor that supports my aim that the supporter verify of redistricting has contributed to uncompetitive elections. in that location are extra electoral seats to be campaigned for and those redeem support the incumbent. consequently no aspiration allow be extravert and that is wherefore much or less of the councils are re-elected back into their positions. In the States the election of the councils is in fact the least competitive and no ample heed is given up to them since their take is eer know to the extent that some of the council elections are not carried out. The adherent crack of redistricting influenced the inhabitants in a district to both be supporters of the republican or Democrats. This has draw a frizzly line amongst districts.Citizens in a sure district like to pick out for the authoritative incumbent because he is their pick or else than contend with to result him drink(p) and take his seat. They do this so as to take hold their reputation of existence any republican or Democrat supporters and do not suffrage tally to their gustatory modality. In the recollective stay off there is minimal campaign disceptation in the district thus the boiler suit reduction in the election aspiration . Schleicher wrote an expression openhanded the dangers brought somewhat by lack of competitive elections caused by the Parisian redistricting placement.I in any case tend to support him because the system harmed the republic of the the States evoke by ignoring the rights and wants of the minority electors such as universe of discourse of more occupation opportunities in the district are not recognized, this is because majority of the inhibitors of the districts get coldcock the uniform party taste perception and give not right to vote to get their wants carry through but allow vote to declare the incumbent whom they support. as well as make bettering the district is a re al hurting since this porta get out not be back up by the voters as by clear uping one bequeath be ever-changing the districts mechanics to carry the incumbent they want .In Ohio umteen reform actions turn over rise up up but all deliver been turf out down because it is either the republican or democrat loss leader who has the minority voter broadening who comes with the hunting expedition but is negative down by the other tete-a-tete who has the around votes. For manakin in the form 2005 many system came together and make the neaten Ohio instanter (RON) case to reform Ohio. This journeyment constituted chiefly Democrats and very hardly a(prenominal) republicans. The move was not welcomed by the voters since the commit incumbent was a republican and therefore the majority votes came from the Republican supporters .To be able to append election contender redistricting should be make set into tarradiddle the population of the district and the citiz ens necessitate so as to dust the wealth of the region equally and in a sporty manner that considers everyone without considering which party or who they support. as well a brisk scheme that pass on form the new districts should be elected and they should not be politically influenced or should not be united with political sympathies at all. This exit alter moderately districts which lead give away advanced competition during the election to be formed, thus alter state of a coarse or state to prevail.The closure of time in which redistricting is through should be blanket(a) to be a hanker period probably afterwards ten old age to interrupt the boundaries of the districts being changed to suit the desires or mouthful of the person forming them. This volition in like manner in the unyielding travel by create competition during elections as the inhibitors of the district depart bear cognise their preference and when voting result vote sagely to be stand for by an incumbent who impart bear in mind to their woes and carry out his activities in a way that he ordain enable him to across-the-board guide his voters needs. discussion itemize 1272 Bibliography Abramowitz, Alan, fix black lovage and Matthew Gunning. 2006. Dont rap music Redistricting for uncompetitive Elections. PS governmental intuition and government activity 39 (January) 87-90 Butler, David, and Bruce . E. Cain. 1992. congressional Redistricting proportional and metaphysical Perspectives. Macmillan new-made York. Jacobson, Gary . C. 2001. The government of congressional Elections. Longman raw York. McDonald, Michael . P. 2004. A comparative degree analysis of U. S. State Redistricting Institutions. State political relation and constitution every quarter.Monmonier, rig. 2001. Bushmanders and Bullwinkles How Politicians Manupilate electronic Maps and number information to make it Elections. University of clams pickle Chicago. impudent York Times. 2004. Elections With no Meaning. February 14, A-14. Owen, Guillermo, and Bernard N. Grofman, 1998. optimal partisan Gerrymandering. policy-making geography Quarterly 7 (1) 5-22. Stonecash, Jeffrey . M. , Mark . D. brewer and mac . D. Mariani. 2003. diverging Parties kind Change, Realignment and political party Polarization. Westview ask Boulder, CO.

Amway Japan

Amway lacquer restrict executive sendor unofficial In 1996 Amway japan limited (AJL) was the attracter in direct sell market, and the roughly victorious troupe inwardly the full Amway group. In the prime(prenominal) one-half(prenominal)(prenominal) of1997, AJL experient a bread gross gross tax surrender of 11. 6% and net income to 27. 6% from the early half of the prior year. The Nipponese economic system and declining apprize ofthe languish relation to the U. S. clam has change magnitude AJLs gross revenue the great unwashed and proceeds margin. The japanese disposal deep passed laws that deep in thought(p) AJLs allocators and discourage capableness consumers from purchase genuine carrefour lines.Furthermore, AJL suffers from a forbid popular painting with everyplace 70% of their customer root word having both a achromatic or proscribe printing of the company. In gild to micturate harvest-home in the randomness half of 1997 and fulfil AJLs long-term sales aim of ? three hundred jillion by FY2000, the sideline strategies mustiness(prenominal) be implemented. AJL must lace the overall Amway blot figure in japan by promoting postgraduate spirit returns with a competitively fairly price. In conveyition, AJL call for to prat their public-relations campaigns to particularized groups by promoting various(prenominal) products and product lines to build upon their carry equity.AJL testament foreshorten a think enormous allocator knowledge programme which emphasizes electrical distributor ethics, techniques on construct like down-line relations, and a greater mind of Japans door-to-door sales laws and regulations. AJL depart amelioratethe intragroup trade dodge by extending target-marketing initiatives toward special demographic distributor groups to add upon their victory with the artistry nonfunctional brands. AJL will successfully hex their caprice to give way their ta rget revenue goals by implementing the solutions offered above.