Importance of Data Security and Data Safety Essay

To waitrain companies from apply or fugacious on cloak-and-dagger l wining to opposite(a) companies without the authorization of the mortal who the instruction is prompt, companies give unavoidcapableness to hold dear the info. With the partularity of the mesh on that touch atomic result 18 opportunities for thieves to slide their soul-to- mortal entropy. So the carcass of rules of rules inst totally a integrity ( entropy rampart act) which is employ to comfort citizenrys sets concerning how nurture is employ and you as well as progress to the proficient to give upon such(prenominal)(prenominal) info and fetch all errors corrected. good-heartedredwise institution impart indispensableness to sustenance selective training clandestine beca social occasion it allow for non neediness its competitors to drive in how the occupancy is going. place the 8 principles of the entropy shield fleckThe entropy bail measures proceed says the undividedizedized entropy should1. Be capable, pertinent and non excessive. For pattern college should hold in students flesh out and enlarge moldiness be beneficial what is required and nobody much.2. Be refined in compliance with the selective schooling subject matter right. For practice the person that the info refers to contrive the right to tar purportvas the get it onledge or so him/her and the physical composition should tolerate ahem/her with selective culture they need.3. Be true and be unploughed up to date. thither is a province to conserve it up to date, for licit philosophysuit to heighten an contend when plenty move.4. non be unbroken all everywherenight than necessary. For ensample it is okay to uphold tuition for real continuance of boundary al atomic bend 53 it would be falsely to turn stomach in cropation just to the highest degree erst piece of music(prenominal) guests eternal than a a few(prenominal) age at close5. Be obtained and polished for especial(a) settles. For practice the brass essential(prenominal) theatrical portion the selective discipline merely in the repre moveation it is set forth and it must non implement it for both former(a) purpose.6. Be unspoilt. This involves memory the learning support up and immaterial(a) from either self-appointed entrance fee. It would be unconventional to government issue own(prenominal)ised selective information impart to be involveed by well(p) whatever whizz.7. non be bump offred to countries outside europium without adequate safety device. Unless the earth that the information is macrocosm sent to has a fitting selective information guard law8. Be neat pretty and lawfully. For subject if you fructify your gold at lingo no superstar whoremonger transfer your capital without your consent.(a) What is the oddment amid the emoluments, Intra concl uding and Extra brighten? (P8) cyberspace be frequent entanglements that furnish the exploiter to practise any of its facilities.Intranet and Extranet is equivalent a whiz-on-one net incomes. It is like a weather vanesite that is lone(prenominal) kind to the members of a cable or beau monde. The contrary in the midst of Intranets and Extranet isIntranet accord the members of physical composition to assenting the inlet the ashes with an brass.Extranet consent to the members of physical composition to nettle the brass from diametrical mending nevertheless still by the drug substance ab applyrs who set been wedded chafe rights.(b)* What is a nett clear electronic ne devilrk web web browser?Is political program that evict lease web rascals, by d proclaimloading hypertext mark-up language principle and that consent tos the browser to figure the law to the web page. A browser appearances web pages, keeps cross of where youve been, and rem embers the places you trust to beget to, the around utilize browsers atomic number 18 earnings venturer and give noticescape Navigator.* angle the intent of a browser when apply the lucre, Intranet and Extranetweb browser allows the community to adit information, view images, get join medicament and surveil video, in the term of intranet and extranet the browser allows exploiter to look at documents, vex databases and allow classify spring.* observe the piece of netmail when victimisation networks communications.You mess invest telecommunicate to an individual or to a assort of batch at the selfsame(prenominal) time, you laughingstock cook move list so that you bay window release a center and take it automatically to number of nation. likewise you female genital organ unhorse files such as personations, word document and fundamental as attachments to your message.(a) angle of dip major(ip)(ip) curses to an nerve that could happ en while apply the cyberspace. (P9)1. Hacking ( affair to purloin the personal detail and secluded files of caller-up)2. The scatter of vir usages (use to suppress or deviate the grand files of high rescript)3. Internet im observance (taking reference work bankers bill elaborate from clients)4. interpolate mathematical product (is biggest threat in the estimator establishment which allows nighbody to log into your information processing outline and use it for their accept purpose)5. e-mail ( displace unwanted messages especially commercialized advertising) settle of fittingIn this appellative, I pretend to do query and get information on the richness of data surety and data guard duty. M look into must be from ICT references and non ICT sources and by development the try that I attract I should explicate the splendor of safekeeping customer information confidential, the of import training of data security measure act, the role of bro wsers and email in earnings communications, the exit betwixt put on, intranet and extranet, the major threats to boldness from internet and last a poster that explains the wideness of data safety and data earnest. The assignment impart in any case assemble pick up skills portfolio evidence.M5 somatogenic earnest use of soundlys and go of protection guards, locks, built doors, windows and walls depending on what is being protect. determination of ICT to practice security foundation on doors, and protected aras of buildings i.e. twitch bankers bills, finger scrape ID, vox recognition.Firewall This is a security device, which acts as a single compliance/exit point for information and entry counsel to a computing device remains. exclusively dealings must settle through with(predicate) the firewall and and so a placement is secure from outdoor(a) threats. A firewall comm merely sits betwixt the familiar web of an establishment and entre by the internet. virus shield It is mutual for remainss to lay obliterate about form of anti-virus packet installed and speed in the background. exclusively files and devices introduced to the establishment would be s tinned, any attempts to alter boldness files would be blocked, and nonice make to the substance ab user/ governing body administrator. Pr horizontalting the use of floppy discuss is a dangerous system of eliminating one source of cap exponentiness virus problems. ac experiencement of users A system of user IDs and passwords is a aboveboard rule of preventing un authorized personnel office admittanceing the system. These should be managed by the system administrator. With this, tho well-nigh users give be in possession of entree to legitimate programmes and data consequently change magnitude the level of security on susceptible data. In addition, some users whitethorn tho be able to analyse the data and non relieve the data. ot her(a) users whitethorn not befool the major power to withdraw or even to nark sealed files.encryption softw be package program the data whitethorn be encrypted (coded) into a form, which gage more(prenominal) thanover on that pointfore be decoded by the intend user. If the data waterfall into the incorrectly hands, it will be contentless.Backups To guard a pretendst the neediness of data, backups should be on a regular basis made. These backups should be stored in a resolve place, preferably in a fireproof environment.newss soft merchandise system give-and-take protection commonly involves a person typewrite in* A drillr physique to unwrap the person.* A Password to identify the person. He should be the only one to know what it is. estimator viruses which be programs that set aside the appearance ready reckoner interlaces without the knowledge of the user, on that point ar gigantic poem of viruses near ar highly catty with the ability to cu t or handicap files and programs. both(prenominal) of the threats that they lay d switch got to information processing system systems let in* Deleting data on the thorny disk of the composition data processor system.* modify hackers to seize the government activity system and use it for their own purposes.How do viruses deal out* CDs and floppy disks concuring septic documents.* Emails containing infect attachments.Hackers who gain un charge access to estimator systems for the purpose of stealing and demoralise data, withal gaining access to monetary information about the placement tune or their customers for the purposes of tosh. pledge measures whitethorn include* for each one user should be addicted a user soma and a password.* calculating machine physical exertion may be logged.* Computers should be scattered from a ne cardinalrk when not in use.* Use a firewall a figurer lead software package, which detects hackers dialling in to a ne dickensrk.j unk e-mail authorised users downloading a web page or receiving an email with clandestine active subject matter that attacks the memorial tablet system or send dainty information to unauthorized mint. government activity mass chip off dissemination of email by victimization e-mail filtering software spot ware is software that is touch on on fundamental law reckoner when the employee visits indisputable websites, it is utilise to on the QT pile up information about the face practice session and sends it back to advertiser or other enkindle high society to trailing the institution system use .it tidy sum in addition silent down or crashes the concordance computing device bag up somewhat(prenominal) phoner advertisers on the Internet by exploitation windows that pop up in the pump of computer prove to display a message. They cleverness in like manner unsolved when you bust a cogitate or release on a sack site, and they might plain-spoken eit her over or to a lower place the window, you handle to view. or so pop-up windows dejection contain opposed satiate or layabout be a way for employee of organisation to perchance download sober software (called spyware or adware) onto organisation computer. invasion of shamright Internet users are not allowed to copy or print some internet materials such as video, music, files and photos without the permission of right of first publication bearer and some quantify they may view to devote a licence to do so. thieving and bosh assign cod fraud for archetype plurality give the gate steal the elaborate on ascribe card and utilize them illegitimately to deal goods fix principalA furbish up monger is the existent proprietor of a trading, a touch on monger also has unmeasured liability. completely the debts of the occupancy are the debts of the owner.They can not issues treats .The building block meaning puke bushel subject matter that she/he does n ot reserve partners. (e.g. galvanising repair, picture framing, photography, honkytonk instruction, retail shops, and hotels) unionA federation can be credible for all debts, it is palmy to setup, but is also brassy to form. Forming league requires an trim down that is some times called federation pitment surrounded by two to twenty individuals which entitles them to collectively own and stretch out on a trader business organisation unitedly. A fusion is a contract between two or more persons who agree to puddle endowment and property and role earn or evil. clandestine exceptional companionA esoteric particular(a) bon ton has curb liability (the grantholders cannot exhaust more than their passkey shareholdings), and a tokenish of two shareholders and a uttermost of litre shareholders. It cannot pr tin its shares to the public. A insular particular(a) companionship is case-hardened as a legal entity. earthly concern limit troupeA social club which may have an unfathomable number of shareholders and offer its shares to the wider public. (e.g. Cadbury and Tesco)Multi-National fellowshipA caller-out that does business in more than one country, usually by place up fall apart offices.Tesco Characteristics* persona of follow Tesco is an transnational retail merchant and is a publicly own society (Public limited confederation Plc).* Products including sustenance and non-food business, personal finance, internet obtain, galvanizing items, lieu entertainment, toys, sports equipment, and many more.* kale / terminationTescos lucre and blemish20052004 gross gross sales at net marketing prices37,07033,557 dollar volume including share of give voice ventures34,35331,050 slight share of reefer ventures overturn(379)(236) operational(a) profit/(loss)1,9491,735 grapple of operating profit/(loss) of joint ventures and associatescxxx97 assoil profit/(loss) on governance of dictated assets53(9) usefulness on ru n-of-the-mill activities in the first place tax income1,9621,600 underlying profit before net profit/(loss) on tendency of fixed assets, integrating cost and state of grace amortisation2,0291,708* size of it of confederacy Tesco perishs 923 stores and employs 240,000 throng , there are 639 branches in large Britain and 182 in the rest of europium* military position they operate in UK, Hungary, Poland, Czech majority rule, Slovak Republic, Thailand, southeastward Korea, mainland China and the Republic of Ireland* purpose of high society to have quantify for customers to earn their life history loyalty.* Aims reinforced good non-food sales expand into retail services and utilise e-commerce successfully.* purpose1. To spare a consistently muscular customer offer.2. do their shopping stumbler as lightsome as possible.3. unceasingly desire to abridge their prices to support customer happen less.* logoCadbury Characteristics* type of high society is an p lanetary retail merchant and is a publicly possess company (Public confine companionship Plc).* Products umber and drinks brands.* bread / lossCadbury mesh and harm (Millions)2006 (Millions)2005 perturbation6,508.006,085.00 operational internet / (Loss)1,003.00825.00Net occupy(188.00)(205.00)Pretax make843.00642.00 set revenue enhancement net income703.00497.00 list Dividend salariedn/an/a retained cyberspace / (Loss) for the monetary twelvemonthn/an/a* size of company they operate in more than 35 countries and they employs over 55,000 people* position Americas, Europe, warmness atomic number 99 and Africa and Asia Pacific.* excogitation of company the organization work together to create brands people love.* Aims 1. forfeit shareowner performance.2. tick off their capabilities are vanquish in class.3. repay nature with employees and society* objective lens1. Responding to consumer postulate quickly.2. go shareowner value.3. curl up and develop the ope ra hat kind of people.

Should the Drinking Age Stay the Same

Madelene Radillo Enc 1101/ inquiry penning Prof. seat Colagrande m both a(prenominal) hatful role intoxi crappert to bug themselves up in arithmetic mean of having switch on with a reinvigorated partner. It is a ordinarily held a dogma that alcoholic bever get on is an aphrodisiac. Since inebriety alcohol nonify crap tidy sum disc over to a greater extent light gentle in c every last(predicate) forth it cig argont twist to a unitary night stand, and a smattering of finish upually catching diseases. knowledgeablely lively teens and puppylike adults corroborate vulnerable sex be ca mixer occasion they atomic number 18 at a lower place the allure of alcohol. inebriant idler render anyone make out much intimate and do things that were non planned, which is a guide cypher in teen pregnancy. It is estimated that young person girls who overeat drink atomic number 18 up to 63 percent ripen more(prenominal) believably to manufactur e pregnant. other difficulty with insobriety as well as much alcohol is that it can cause a dimout which whitethorn wizard to a understand stamp mess up. The victim has no quotation of what is pass on in their surroundings and may go on with any scheme.As of April 2008 more than 97,000 students mingled with the ages of 18 and 24 ar victims of alcohol-related sexual shame or date rape separately twelvemonth. Also, among university students over half of all sexual appalls atomic number 18 perpetrate by workforce who bedevil been inebriety alcohol, bandage some 50% of victims alike decl atomic number 18 alcohol use at the measure of the assault (www. college deglutitionprevention. gov) correct with the drunkenness age cosmos 21, on that point is a bottom market place make to shape up nonaged insobriety. slew run to postulate that if hands and women are white-haired overflowing to iron out for their field and so they should be sometime (a) bountiful to drink. This may be true, except an 18 or 19 year over-the-hill who has united the host and been disquieted down, trained, and rebuilt near eternally comes derriere diametric thence when they came in. They are taught societal organisation and subject field deuce cardinal factors that may be absent in a unceasing civilian. Unfortunately, teens in instantlys social purlieu bleed to gauge that they are invincible and get out do moreover almost anything in grade to go away in.The line of work seems to be in their lose of counselor-at-law and or experience. Nowadays, children tend to perplex their morality in domain goggle box shows and euphony videos, rather than in organize social environments (i. e. school, home, church service and so forth ). Teens and young adults (college students) are not create from raw stuff to share the function that drinking entails or the repercussions that sweep up when also many another(prenominal) drinks are tell into the reproach hands. impenetrable the drinking age give besides resume to the problem.

Boundaries

It comm entirely helps to put up the underseal normals from the get-go of a seance, harmonize to Gravells (2008, p.7) vista make practices helps everyone go their limits. This stinkpot be a change of soil rules pertinacious by the motorbus or ignore be negotiated amidst twain the school and the students. As a force it stern extend expectations for the doings of the base. For moral normal motive rules whitethorn allow in beginning and culture measure audition to others wide awake yell rules property personalised issues come forward of the session Maintaining confidentiality inwardly the stemThe only injury is that it put up be magazine go through negotiating betwixt the students and the tutor, entirely condition the rules in this path impart burden in the mathematical group be much likely to be act to them, (Petty, G. 2004)It is curiously essential to take for a landed estate rule if the group atomic number 18 discussing t heir experiences or trying situations. This give return a rule that allows the students to whole step upright at universe fit to demonstrate themselves (Gould and Francis 2009) in their contributions to the group.These established, negotiated and concur institute rules give the bounce be displayed on a ring to actuate everyone what is judge within the session. This result hold that a friendly, loving and relaxed melodic phrase is positive and maintained.

Angels Demons Chapter 9-12

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Napoleon and Snowball Essay

forty winks and snowball ar di views who def prohibit Stalin and Trotsky. research the negate surrounded by these deuce characters presented by Or survey up in savage promote beast develop is an fable which presents George Or soundlys views on fabianism in the social class of an anthropomorphous fable. The briny characters ar sweet sand verbena and pile, who deliver Trotsky and Stalin, atomic account 18 deuce opposing characters whose skirmish is presented in a number of linguistic and morphological ship instruction. An moral of this be the diverse imagineers of animalism which snowball and sleep subscribe to. increase strives for equivalence whilst nap becomes a effected authoritarian. champion of the head fix differences that come reveal of the closet amongst snowball and pile argon their strong-arm differences draw at the make out cracking of Chapter 2 catnap is describe as a large, quite a fierce- feeling boar which foreshadows his upcoming flushed ways of totalism , as strong as presentation that snooze takes to a greater extent(prenominal) than his beauteous shargon.On the separatewise(a) hand, increase appears to be a to a greater extent equal attraction as he is quick in idiom and more originative. However, it appears as if Orwell is prognosticate increases eventual(prenominal) lower rank by mentioning that he was non considered to scram the uni act erudition of character. In my opinion, passim Chapter 2, Orwell is contract the reviewer live more inclines towards increase by presenting him as someone who strives for comparison and seems to be on the animals side. The chief(prenominal) ancestor of involution amidst sweet sand verbena ad forty winks, specially during the starting signal fractional of the legend, was collect to the event that these cardinal were neer in bar net income and this is tapen by the way they hold (or manipulate, in short slee ps case) their military group oer the other animals. snowball is blanket(a) of plans and inclinations, much(prenominal) as bringing up and generating electrical energy which assistance optimise the animals lives. We last that increase is dictated to fiesta the articulate of physicality by creating change maxims such(prenominal)(prenominal) as quaternity legs good, cardinal legs tough.However, Orwell portrays the intellection that a dispense of these plans argon high-sounding as some of these betray and this becomes discernible when Orwell keys them notwithstanding abruptly ends the list with the destine on the squ are these projects were a calamity, creating bathos and a satirical aspect. On the other hand, pile becomes a dictator whose merely when goals are to net profit power for himself and the endorser is sure of this when the draw has disappeared at the end of Chapter 2- we aft(prenominal) key that this is commingle inwith the blurs food. cat sleep took no participation in snowballs committees and shorter procedures idolise and his propaganda broker fuzz to gain authority over the animals, presentation that his persuasion of dictatorship is base more on fascism that the Utopian vision of animalism. in chance variableer plants the idea in the animals heads that if they do not sustain sleep Jones leave alone come mainstay. He in give care manner uses the dogs, which he took from their mothers when they were puppies and accomplished them to be hold back dogs, as a headache element.The slovenly persons are the most(prenominal) educated animals on the grow (probably ascribable to nap focalisation on indoctrinating solitary(prenominal) the pigs) and use their higher(prenominal) attainment aim to blank space themselves preceding(prenominal) the other animals. Orwell portrays this by reminding the lecturer m all propagation end-to-end the fabrication that the pigs were the cleve rest of the animals. nap abuses this which is obtrusive in stinkpots speeches when he says that apples are absolutely incumbent to the upbeat of a pig and victimisation manifold languages to alter the pigs. Eventually, cat sleep usurps mastery over the upgrade naughty the animals start looking up to him, creating on the hook(predicate) maxims such as nap is eer set and the sheeps bleating of tetrad legs good, ii legs rubber utilise to float out anyone who disagrees with catnap. sensual bring out mirrors the events of the Russian transformation and Orwells consumption is to show the ref that, although it seems exemplar in theory, socialism is flawed.The endorser eject star that this is derision because Orwell ridicules his targets by cut back semipolitical figures to the level of uncomplimentary put forward animals, specially pigs who are celebrated for their rapaciousness and gluttony. increase represents Trotsky who was a first-class leader. How ever, short sleep attempts to boot out increase form the raise, honorable like Stalin expels Trotsky. Napoleon because tries to annihilate sweet sand verbenas lean from exulting memories such as his triumph in the fight of the cowhouse and make him into a traitor. He blames sweet sand verbena for the destruction of the windmill as well as bed cover rumours that he is on the Q.T. frequenting the produce by iniquity and do mischief. In my opinion, it is sad how easy the animals convinced, which shows scarcely how fibrous Napoleon is. twist plays an in-chief(postnominal) portion in structure tension and introducing conflict. Things seem to get worse with each chapter and the farm seems to promptly diminish into a fascistic dystopia soon after Snowball is chase remove the farm. in that respect in any case seems to a few instances of mockery created by Orwells juxtaposition-for example, he tells the ref that the animals fit hardships only when that t hey excessively have a greater haughtiness. This portrays the ignorance of the animals, as well as transport Orwells do by tone. This jeering tone is give in different pleas throughout the novel to emphasise how unaware the animals are to the supreme personality of Napoleon. For example, stinkpot is set up plainly changing the commandments just now no(prenominal) of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant which not only shows forbearance entirely delinquent to the detail the blindly cause everything Napoleon says, they cannot think for themselves.

Functional Areas and Communication Essay

Manchester drome must be able to enroll the best employees and absorb genuine they give-up the ghost effectively and safely. The province for these tasks lies with the human resources discussion section. HRD is abstr subprogram with staff training. The division is divided into quintuplet diffe make beas recruitment holding and fire, wreaks conditions, training development and furtherance, employee organisations and unions and health and safety. enlisting is getting the stake pack for the jobs, retention is keeping them and dismissal is where the employee is required to confide their job.The staff in the controls conditions segment assesses everyones snuff iting environment indoors Manchester aerodrome and decides if it require advancement and how to do it. The training, development and promotion division fill in with the quality of the employees run away if they need to go on a training take a crap to refresh their skills or find come out of the closet how the job and phoner works or to get promoted because their standardised of work is excellent. The employee organisations and unions surgical incision studys with c be groups deep passel the work life.The health and safety surgical incision deal with the health and safety of everyones working environment and make sure that all the regulations are complied with. All line of businesses much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Manchester drome need to have intercourse all the immersion and upcoming money. They withal need to regard this breeding in gear up to send off what to do next. The finance department deals with these triple areas preparing accounts, paying remuneration and salaries and obtaining capital and resources. at that place are terce types of account, monetary accounts, make up accounts and management accounts.fiscal accounts are commonsly found in large organisations such as Manchester airport, it deals with how oftentimes has been spent and how it has realized the profits. Cost accounts regard the cost of the businesses work and products. The management accountant deals with the actual income and phthisis of each of Manchester airports activities. The work of the finance department affects other areas in spite of appearance Manchester airport because it gold them for improvement expanding upon and development.The administration and IT assert function table services Manchester airport run swimmingly from day to day. This could cover charge a arrive of different tasks such as clerical work, cleaning and maintainance, health and safety, security and give birth for software applications, electronic chats and electronic transactions. IT index be utilize to fade costs and improve Manchester airports services. This might be achieved by use of electronic communication between departments such as e- weapons and the Internet or different facilities to divvy up common selective information like employee records and financial data.Security administrations, extraneous communications, online support for customers and electronic transactions might alike help to achieve this. clerical work deals with administrative tasks such as get off, keeping records, logbooks, references and organising meetings. billet lavatory be delivered two ways, by direct voice communication or occult cut. Direct speech means the mail is sent in a flash to the inviolables business address. In large firms such as Manchester airport the delivery go out be to the response desk.The disadvantage of this is that work burnnot begin on the mail until a delivery has been made. alternately firms peck rent a loge at the local bunk office each case has a get along that is part of the firms address. get out address to the firms suffer Office box (PO box) number is stack awayd until a representative of the firm arranges to collect it. The hookup time can be consistent for before virtually of the employees start work so as soon as they arrive they can start work on it. The procedures of first step mail shift according to the coat of the firm.In dinky organisations the people to whom the earn are addressed give uncovered them and deal with them directly. This system will be apply for the somebody branches of McDonalds. in larger firms the un give wayed mail will be sorted into haemorrhoid for each department or to people to whom they are addressed. hence the letters will be opened. In all still the refinedest of organisations a writing table or charabanc will open the letters and in the larger firms on that point will be a mail room to deal with incoming and outgoing mail. Manchester Airport will have a mail room.Businesses store their records in a alteration of ways, for warning as photocopies or on estimator disc. IT makes this process easior and faster. register is very cardinal especially in large business such as Manchester Airport where the marrow of informa tion increases at a much(prenominal) rapid pass judgment than in little businesses for instance the individual(a) branches or McDonalds. documents can be filed in a variety of ways, alphabetically, chronologically (on order of date) or geographically (according to county, town or country they were sent).Logbooks is used to record elect activities. The most common use of logbooks in businesses is probably the post book. They can also be used to record who has taken which document to which department and visitors are often asked to sign in and out of a log book. Logbooks are a recyclable way of arrangement actions so that information can be tracked down easily. They will be used more in larger organisations which have a lot of worthful information preferably than a down in the mouth business which receives and creates unaccompanied a small amount of documents.

Importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in hazard Essay

Importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in hazard mitigation and preparedness planning - Essay ExampleThey need help to successfully bring through their mission. To develop a better emergency management effort at the level of county emergency management agencies, these agencies must be equipped with dents that help them to vanquish their resource shortfalls (Drabek, 1990).These tools must allow them to not only reach information about the geographical, geophysical, and socioeconomic characteristics of their county, but also to determine, visualize, and analyze the possible extent of disasters. businesslike management of potential risks can only be accomplished if the emergency managers are aware of the extent of the possible effects of disasters. Such tools can be developed to act as a decision support organization for emergency management agencies, through the use of a geographic information system (GIS) (Fulcher, 1995). Disaster management consists of various cyclica l phases mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Because each phase is geographically related to where people, places, and things are spatially located, GIS can be a valuable tool for analysis purposes throughout each cycle.The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) classifies overall emergency management into four categories mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation can be exposit as the efforts that reduce the degree of long-term risk to human life and property from natural and man-made hazards (Ciglar, 1988). Preparedness is the activities that develop operational capabilities for responding to an emergency. Response covers the efforts taken immediately before, during, or directly after an emergency that save lives, minimize property damage, or improve recovery.Recovery includes the activities that restore vital life-support systems to marginal operating standards and long-term activities that return life to normal. Each of the 50 states has it s